The circadian clock provides a time-keeping mechanism for synchronizing various biological activities with the surrounding environment. Arabidopsis CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1), which encodes a Myb-related transcription factor, is a key component of the core oscillator of Arabidopsis circadian clock with peaking expression in the morning. The molecular mechanisms regulating light induction and rhythmic expression of CCA1 still remain elusive. In this study, we show that two phytochrome signal transducers, FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) and its paralogue FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1) are essential for light induction of CCA1 expression by direct binding to the promoter of CCA1 and activating its expression, whereas PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 5 (PIF5) directly binds to the promoter of CCA1 to repress its expression. Further, PIF5 and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1) physically interact with FHY3 and FAR1 to repress the transcriptional activation activity of FHY3 and FAR1 on CCA1 expression. Our combined results demonstrate that the photosensory signaling pathway integrates with the circadian oscillators to orchestrate clock gene expression, which may form the molecular basis of light regulation of clock system in response to daily changes in the light environment, thus increasing plant fitness. © 2020 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Data on discomfort and complications from research bronchoscopy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma is limited. We present complications and discomfort occurring within a week after bronchoscopy, and investigate personal and procedural risk factors. METHODS 239 subjects with COPD, asthma or without lung disease underwent research bronchoscopies as part of a microbiome study of the lower airways (the MicroCOPD study). Bronchoscopy was done in the supine position with oral scope insertion with the option of light conscious alfentanil sedation. Sampling consisted of protected specimen brushes, bronchoalveolar lavage, small volume lavage and for some, endobronchial biopsies. Bleeding, desaturation, cough, haemodynamic changes, dyspnoea and other events that required an unplanned intervention or early termination of bronchoscopy were prospectively recorded. Follow-up consisted of a telephone interview where subjects rated discomfort and answered questions about fever sensation and20. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.INTRODUCTION Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), delivered to the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1), appears to enhance the brain's response to rehabilitative training in patients with stroke. However, its clinical utility is highly subject to variability in different protocols. New evidence has reported that preceding iTBS, with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) may stabilise and even boost the facilitatory effect of iTBS on the stimulated M1, via metaplasticity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of iTBS primed with cTBS (ie, priming iTBS), in addition to robot-assisted training (RAT), on the improvement of the hemiparetic upper limb functions of stroke patients and to explore potential sensorimotor neuroplasticity using electroencephalography (EEG). METHODS AND ANALYSIS A three-arm, subjects and assessors-blinded, randomised controlled trial will be performed with patients with chronic stroke. An estimatedmitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability of childhood but has no cure. Stem cells have the potential to improve brain injury and are proposed as a therapy for CP. However, many questions remain unanswered about the most appropriate cell type, timing of infusions, dose required and associated risks. Therefore, human safety and efficacy trials are necessary to progress knowledge in the field. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single group study with sample size n=12 to investigate safety of single-dose intravenous 12/12 human leucocyte antigen-matched sibling cord blood cell infusion to children with CP aged 1-16 years without immune suppression. The study is similar to a 3+3 design, where the first two groups of participants have severe CP, and the final six participants include children with all motor severities. Children will be monitored for adverse events and the duration that donor cells are detected. Assessments at baseline, 3 and 12 months will investigate safety and preliminary evidence of change in gross motor, fine motor, cognitive and quality of life outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Full approval was obtained from The Royal Children's Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, and a clinical trial notification was accepted by Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration. Participant guardian informed consent will be obtained before any study procedures. The main results of this study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12616000403437, NCT03087110. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/az20.html Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES There is emerging interest and data supporting the effectiveness of community health workers (CHWs) in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to determine whether a CHW-led intervention targeting diabetes and hypertension could improve markers of clinical disease control in rural Mexico. DESIGN AND SETTING A prospective observational stepped-wedge study was conducted across seven communities in rural Chiapas, Mexico from March 2014 to April 2018. PARTICIPANTS 149 adults with hypertension and/or diabetes. INTERVENTION This study was conducted in the context of the programmatic roll-out of an accompaniment-based CHW-led intervention designed to complement comprehensive primary care for adults with diabetes and/or hypertension. Implementation occurred sequentially at 3-month intervals with point-of-care data collected at baseline and every 3?months thereafter for 12 months following roll-out in all communities. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), overall and stratified by baseline disease control.